EXHAUST SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

Fig. 6-6 An insulating blanket.

CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS
13. The exhaust system must be capable of withstanding the high gas temperatures and is therefore manufactured from nickel or titanium. It is also necessary to prevent any heat being transferred to the surrounding aircraft structure. This is achieved by passing ventilating air around the jet pipe, or by lagging the section of the exhaust system with an insulating blanket (fig. 6-6). Each blanket has an inner layer of fibrous insulating material contained by an outer skin of thin stainless steel, which is dimpled to increase its strength. In addition, acousticallyabsorbent materials are sometimes applied to the exhaust system to reduce engine noise (Part 19).

14. When the gas temperature is very high (for example, when afterburning is employed), the complete jet pipe is usually of double-wall construction (Part 16) with an annular space between the two walls. The hot gases leaving the propelling nozzle induce, by ejector action, a flow of air through the annular space of the engine nacelle. This flow of air cools the inner wall of the jet pipe and acts as an insulating blanket by reducing the transfer of heat from the inner to the outer wall.
15. The cone and streamline fairings in the exhaust unit are subjected to the pressure of the exhaust gases; therefore, to prevent any distortion, vent holes are provided to obtain a pressure balance.
16. The mixer unit used in low by-pass ratio engines consists of a number of chutes through which the bypass air flows into the exhaust gases. A bonded honeycomb structure is used for the integrated nozzle assembly of high by-pass ratio engines to give lightweight strength to this large component.
17. Due to the wide variations of temperature to  which the exhaust system is subjected, it must be mounted and have its sections joined together in such a manner as to allow for expansion and contraction without distortion or damage.